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Molarity Calculator

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Molarity

1.0000 M

What is Molarity?

Molarity (M) is a measure of the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. The unit of molarity is moles per liter (mol/L), which is often abbreviated as M.

Molarity Formula

The formula for calculating molarity is:

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (L)

From this formula, we can derive other useful equations:

  • Moles of solute = Molarity (M) × Volume of solution (L)
  • Volume of solution (L) = Moles of solute / Molarity (M)

Converting Between Mass and Moles

To convert between mass and moles, we use the molar mass of the compound:

Moles = Mass (g) / Molar mass (g/mol)

Mass (g) = Moles × Molar mass (g/mol)

Applications of Molarity

Molarity is widely used in chemistry for:

  • Preparing solutions of specific concentrations
  • Calculating the amount of reactants needed for a reaction
  • Determining the concentration of unknown solutions
  • Dilution calculations
  • Titration experiments

Common Molarity Values

SolutionTypical Molarity
Household vinegar (acetic acid)0.8-1.0 M
Household ammonia0.5-1.0 M
Stomach acid (HCl)0.1-0.2 M
Blood sodium ion concentration0.14 M
Standard laboratory HCl1.0 M, 6.0 M, 12.0 M
Standard laboratory NaOH0.1 M, 1.0 M, 6.0 M

How to Use the Molarity Calculator

Our molarity calculator allows you to calculate any of the variables in the molarity equation:

  1. Select the calculation type (Molarity, Moles, Volume, or Mass)
  2. Enter the known values in the appropriate fields
  3. The calculator will automatically compute the unknown value
  4. For mass calculations, you'll need to enter the molar mass of your compound

Dilution Calculations

When diluting a solution, the number of moles of solute remains constant. This gives us the dilution equation:

M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂

Where:

  • M₁ = Initial molarity
  • V₁ = Initial volume
  • M₂ = Final molarity
  • V₂ = Final volume

This equation is useful for preparing solutions of a specific molarity from a stock solution.