Maintenance Fluids Calculator
This calculator uses the Holliday-Segar method for pediatric patients and standard calculations. Results should be adjusted based on clinical assessment and patient-specific factors.
What are Maintenance Fluids?
Maintenance fluids are the amount of fluids required to maintain normal hydration in a patient who is not eating or drinking. These calculations are particularly important in hospitalized patients, especially children, to ensure proper hydration when oral intake is restricted.
How are Maintenance Fluids Calculated?
The Holliday-Segar method is commonly used to calculate maintenance fluid requirements, especially in pediatric patients. The formula is based on the patient's weight:
- For weight ≤ 10 kg: 100 mL/kg/day
- For weight 10-20 kg: 1000 mL + 50 mL/kg/day for each kg above 10
- For weight > 20 kg: 1500 mL + 20 mL/kg/day for each kg above 20
For s, maintenance fluids are often calculated using the "4-2-1 rule" or based on body surface area. Our calculator provides estimates based on these methods.
Clinical Considerations
While these calculations provide a starting point, several factors may affect a patient's actual fluid requirements:
- Fever (increases fluid needs by approximately 10% per degree Celsius above normal)
- Increased insensible losses (e.g., tachypnea, burns)
- Underlying medical conditions (e.g., heart failure, kidney disease)
- Ongoing losses (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, drainage)
- Environmental factors (e.g., high ambient temperature)
Fluid Composition
Maintenance fluids typically contain:
- Water
- Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride)
- Dextrose (to prevent ketosis from starvation)
Common maintenance fluid solutions include D5 0.45% NS (5% dextrose in 0.45% normal saline) with or without potassium chloride.
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Important Notes
This calculator provides estimates only and should not replace clinical judgment.
Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice. Fluid management should be adjusted based on the patient's clinical status, laboratory values, and response to therapy.